Communication
Communication is a process involves transmission of information between living organism by symbols, actions, speech or signs. Communication is also considered as completed once the receiver could understand the sender. A communication is construe as good if it involves ‘two way traffic’ between two parties, meaning a discussion has occurred. A discussion that allowed the receiver to ask questions and receive answer from the sender will help in better understanding each other. Besides that, in order to reduce the misunderstanding and make the communication more success, sender and receive should have the same or common signs, words and signals. Therefore, they could easily understand each other.
In earlier time, people communicated through sign or symbols, performing drama and poetry. People used different rhythms to represented different events. The headman of the village mostly become sender meanwhile the people of village plays the role of the receiver. For example the headman of village will use the rhythm of ‘Rentak Alu-alu’ to announce death while during the Friday prayer, the ‘tidung melompat’ rhythm was used. However, with the advancement of technology in 21st century, communication can now utilize latest technology to ‘send out’ or disseminate information to a wider audience. Regardless of what kind of communication, a message will be needed to be transferred from sender to receiver in every instance of a communication.
Communication can be differentiated into two parts, which are verbal communication and non verbal communication. Verbal communication allows people to communicate face-to-face. Sound, words, speaking and language are the key components of verbal communication. Therefore, it also included oral and written communication. Although words alone have no meaning, human put meaning into words. Lexemes can be defined as human spoken languages whereas grammars are the rules of the symbols that are manipulated. As human progress, the development of spoken language has advanced as meaning is assigned to words. Since at a very tender age, we already start learning language in order to communicate. Today, there are approximately 3000-6000 languages that are being spoken by people all over the world. Languages are the manner of expression for any living organism to interact with each other. Every language has it own rules and signals, such as tones, gestures or written symbols.
Nonverbal communication defined as a process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages. (Segal.J., 2010) Nonverbal communication includes the facial expressions, eye contact, body language and tone of voice. Usually people used nonverbal communication for repetition, contradiction, substitution, complementing and accenting. The most studied forms of nonverbal communication are body language, which usually constitute more than 50% in our communication. For example when you are feeling disgusting or fear from something or someone, you will position yourself far away from it. Your behavior will show the cue of how you feel.
Intercultural Communication
Intercultural communication considers as a form of global communication which importance in examines how people interact with each other from different culture, religious, beliefs, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds.
In the study of intercultural communication, people seek for the understanding of how different countries, background and cultures people interact. Intercultural communication is also known as cross-cultural communication.
Usually, intercultural communication will focuses on language that people use to interact. Besides that, it also focuses on social attributes, thought patterns, and the cultures of different groups of people. Intercultural communication take place in many studies such as anthropology, cultural studies, linguistics, psychology and communication studies. Basically, intercultural communication is also required in international businesses as the base of study.
In intercultural field, there are many research that having different definitions of ‘intercultural communication’. For example from the view of Karlfried Knapp, intercultural communication is the interpersonal interaction between members of different groups, which differ from each other in respect of the knowledge shard by their members and in respect of their linguistic forms of behavior.
In the history of cross-cultural communication, the research of Edward T. Hall was most famous because it have a deeper meaning of intercultural communication. Moreover, the works of Geert Hofstede, Harry C. Triandis, Fons Trompenaars, Clifford Geertz and Shalom Schwartz were also giving good idea of intercultural communication in next generation’s future studies.
Those researchers had developed many theories for applying to many fields such as business, management, marketing, advertising and website design. As international business becomes more important, many companies get to understand that the important of intercultural communication could help to manage the structure of their companies, their staff and communicate with customers. Due to growing multicultural populations, intercultural communication theories are also used within education, health care and other public services.
There are several theories can be distinguished in different strands such as focus on effective outcomes, on accommodation or adaption, on identity negotiation and management, on communication networks, on acculturation and adjustment and other theories. There are three components such as knowledge (information that could help effective interaction), motivation (positive affect toward the other culture) and skills (behavior and act that effect the interaction appropriately) combined as intercultural communicative competence.
Although intercultural communication is important, it also will go wrong causing misunderstanding. That is because people from different culture will decode message differently. Factors such as rights, needs, values, assumptions and the situation will increased the chance of misunderstanding.
The assumption of our own culture might not apply in another culture. For example in Thai culture, un-married women and men can’t hold each other’s hands. Meanwhile, in European culture men and women were allowed. Shaking hands while meeting each other was represented polite behavior. There are five ways to minimize the risk of misunderstood and improve communication. Thus, everyone could understand the nature and purpose of the interaction.
First, we should avoid using slang and idioms because that might bring different meaning in the thoughts of different people. Therefore, choosing the correct words that could convey only the most specific denotative meaning would avoid misunderstanding. Besides that, listen carefully is one of the factors. For example people from different countries will have different their local accents and pronunciation. That is also a problem in communication so we should ask for confirmation of understanding if in doubt.
Moreover, we also should able to recognize the accenting and intonation and respect other culture. When the language is unequal, body language will take role in communication. Thus, watching any changes in body language will improve communication. Finally, we should investigate other culture’s perception of our culture by reading literature. This will help us more understanding the other culture and bearing as a visitor in their culture.
In conclusion, intercultural communication plays the important role in many fields. Intercultural communication might cause misunderstanding. However, we willing to prepare ourselves in studying other culture then we could improve our communication.
History of Movie
Movie | Jab we met |
Directed by | Imtiaz Ali |
Produced by | Dhillin Mehta |
Screenplay by | Imtiaz Ali |
Story by | Imtiaz Ali |
Stariring | Shahid Kapoor…Aditya Kashyap |
Kareena Kapoor…Geet Dhillon | |
Tarun Arora…Anshuman | |
Dara Singh…Dadaji | |
Pavan Malhotra…Geet’s Chacha | |
Kiran Juneja… Mrs. Dhilon | |
Saumya Tandon…Roop Dhilon | |
Nihar Thakkar… Raghav | |
Manushka Khisty… Meher | |
F.J. Jussawala… Mother’s lawyer | |
Vishal Sharma… Aditya’s lawyer | |
Rohini Sahni… Bride | |
Deepak Sharma… Groom | |
Genre | Comedy/ Romantic |
Runtime | 143 Mins |
Country | |
Language | Hindi |
Punjabi | |
English | |
Subtitles | English |
Music by | Songs: |
Pritam Chakraborty | |
Sandesh Shandilya | |
Background Score: | |
Sanjoy Chowdhury | |
Cinematography | Natarajan Subramaniam |
Editing by | Aarti Bajaj |
Distributed by | Shree Ashtavinayak Cine Vision Ltd |
Release date | October 26, 2007 |
Movie Review
In this assignment, I chose the Hindi movie that named Jab we met as my topic. First of all, I would like to mention a little bit about the synopsis of this movie.
Jab we met translated in English is when we met, which also bring out the meaning of this films that a couple met together and fall in love. Aditya Kashyap (Shahid Kapoor) was depressed after the passing of his father, Dharamraj, who is a recently deceased famous industrialist.
Due to Aditya’s girlfriend ditching him, Aditya become more depressed. Therefore, after attending her girlfriend’s marriage, he boards a train in the night and appears on the verge of committing suicide. In Chatrapati Shivaji Train Terminus, Aditya meets Geet Kaur Dhillon,a beautiful, lively and talkative young woman who is leaving Mumbai and back to her hometown, Bathinda in Punjab .
At the beginning, Aditya found that Geet is very annoying and irritating, so he decided to leave. However, Geet follows him and so she missed her train. This also caused that Geet confronts Aditya have to responsible for getting her safely return to her house. In the journey to Bathinda, Aditya begin to feel good about life as spending so much time with Geet.
When they arrived, Geet’s family misunderstand that both of them were lover. Aditya also hide his real identity and tells her family he is a musician. Due to Geet’s family want Geet to marry Manjeet, an old childhood friend of Geet, she runs away from her home with Aditya. Actually Geet’s true love is Anshuman in Manali, she decided to find and marry him.
After Aditya returned to Mumbai, he guides his company to extreme success with positive outlook on life. Due to the influence of Geet, Aditya also launched a new calling card named ‘Geet’. At this moment, Aditya noticed from Geet’s family that Geet has not returned home. Thus, he went to find her and promise will return her to her family.
In Manali, Aditya find out Anshuman refuse to marry Geet and left her out to the streets. However, luckily he finally tracks her down in Shimla. After the convincing, Geet back to her hometown and get back her normal life. Within the moment, Geet and Aditya realized that they love each other. In the end, they get married and having two daughters.
In this movie, it has shown two different cultures which are Punjabi and Hindu. Aditya is a Hindu guy who from big city, Mumbai. Therefore, when he arrive Geet’s house, who is a Punjabi, he could not fully understand the language, their practice and behavior. However, Aditya only could understand their communication by body language. That is why it also caused misunderstood sometime while Aditya communicate with Geet’s family.
As we all know Bollywood movie mostly having dance and singing and in this movie is the same. In those singing and dancing scene, we could see that they are wearing Punjabi suit. Besides Punjabi suit, Punjabi men also need to wear head cover which named Patka or Distaar. For Punjabi girl, they were wearing Salwar Kameez which is a traditional wear. Different cultures also have their own music instrumental. In this movie, we also can find the famous music instrumental that always been used among Punjabi, Nagada.
In conclusion, we could find many culture of Punjabi in this movie. Furthermore, Jab we met is also a nice movie which suit for couple and family to watch. It shown many values such as family love, forgiveness, positive thinking about life and importance of friendship.
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